How to Prepare Your Plumbing for Winter: Essential Tips to Avoid Frozen Pipes

When winter rolls in, your plumbing feels it first. A sudden cold snap can turn a peaceful night into a frantic scramble, water gushing from a burst pipe or a stubborn clog that just won’t quit. Homeowners and business owners know the stress: frozen pipes, leaks, and costly repairs always seem to strike when you least expect them.

At Expert Plumbing, we’ve seen it all. Years of emergency plumbing calls have taught us that a little preparation goes a long way—especially when the temperature drops. Here’s your guide to keeping your pipes safe, your water flowing, and your winter a whole lot less stressful.

Understanding Winter Plumbing Risks ❄️

Winter is tough on plumbing systems. Pipes tucked away in crawl spaces, basements, or exterior walls are especially vulnerable. When the mercury drops, water inside these pipes can freeze. And when water freezes, it expands—like an overfilled balloon ready to pop.

This expansion puts enormous pressure on your pipes, often causing them to crack or burst. According to the International Plumbing Code (IPC) and the American Red Cross, even a small crack can spill hundreds of gallons of water in a single day, damaging walls, floors, and belongings.

But frozen pipes aren’t the only winter worry. Cold weather can cause:

• Sudden drops in water pressure
• Slow drains and clogs from hardened grease or debris
• Leaky seals and joints as materials contract

Ignoring these risks is like leaving your front door open in a snowstorm—sooner or later, trouble finds its way in.

Essential Winter Plumbing Preparation Steps

Getting ahead of winter’s chill isn’t complicated, but it does require action. Here’s how to give your plumbing a fighting chance:

1. Insulate Exposed Pipes

Wrap pipes in unheated areas—like attics, garages, and basements—with pipe insulation or heat tape. Foam sleeves are easy to install and can make a big difference. Pay special attention to pipes near exterior walls and windows.

2. Seal Leaks and Gaps

Cold air creeps in through even the tiniest cracks. Use caulk or spray foam to seal gaps around pipes where they enter walls, floors, or foundations. This keeps warm air in and icy drafts out.

3. Drain and Disconnect Outdoor Faucets

Remove hoses and drain outdoor faucets before the first freeze. If possible, shut off the water supply to exterior taps and open the faucet to let any remaining water escape. This simple step can prevent a frozen, split pipe.

4. Keep Interior Temperatures Consistent

Set your thermostat to at least 55°F, even if you’re away. Open cabinet doors under sinks to let warm air circulate around pipes. In extreme cold, let a trickle of water run from faucets served by exposed pipes.

5. Check and Service Sump Pumps

A frozen sump pump discharge line can cause basement flooding. Make sure your sump pump is working properly and the discharge line is clear.

How to Safely Shut Off Water in Emergencies

If a pipe bursts or you suspect a major leak, acting fast can save thousands in damage. Here’s how to shut off your water safely:

1. Locate the Main Shut-Off Valve
   Usually found where the water line enters your home or business—often in the basement or utility room. It’s a round wheel or lever.
2. Turn Off the Valve
   Turn the wheel clockwise or pull the lever perpendicular to the pipe. This stops all water flow.
3. Open Faucets to Drain
   Open cold and hot taps throughout the building to relieve pressure and drain remaining water from the pipes.
4. Shut Off Water Heater
   If you suspect a leak or burst pipe, turn off the power or gas to your water heater.

Knowing this routine is like knowing where your fire extinguisher is—essential in an emergency.

Preventative Maintenance Tips for Cold Weather

Preventative maintenance isn’t just about avoiding emergencies. It’s about peace of mind and protecting your investment. Here’s what you can do:

• Schedule Regular Plumbing Inspections: Catch small issues before they become big problems. A professional can spot worn seals, loose fittings, and vulnerable pipes.
• Test Sump Pumps and Backflow Preventers: Ensure they’re working and ready for winter storms or snowmelt.
• Flush Water Heaters: Sediment buildup reduces efficiency and can lead to breakdowns. Flushing the tank each year helps.
• Check for Slow Drains: Clear clogs before they freeze solid.
• Inspect Water Pressure: Low pressure may signal a hidden leak or frozen pipe.

The International Association of Certified Home Inspectors (InterNACHI) recommends annual inspections for homes and businesses in cold climates.

What to Do If Pipes Freeze or Burst

Sometimes, even the best preparation isn’t enough. If you turn on a faucet and only a trickle comes out, suspect a frozen pipe. Here’s what to do:

1. Turn Off the Main Water Supply
   This prevents further flooding if the pipe bursts.
2. Open Faucets
   Relieve pressure by opening taps throughout the building.
3. Apply Gentle Heat
   Use a hair dryer, heating pad, or warm towels on the frozen section. Never use an open flame.
4. Call for Emergency Plumbing Help
   If you can’t find the frozen spot, or if a pipe has already burst, call a licensed emergency plumber immediately.

If a pipe bursts, move electronics and valuables away from the water, and document any damage for insurance purposes.

Pro Tips for Winter Plumbing Safety 🛠️

• Know Your Plumbing Layout: Familiarize yourself with the location of shut-off valves and exposed pipes.
• Label Valves: Use tags or colored tape for quick identification.
• Install Leak Detectors: Battery-powered sensors can alert you to leaks before you notice water damage.
• Maintain Gas Lines and Appliances: Schedule annual gas safety checks for peace of mind.

Frequently Asked Questions

How can I tell if my pipes are frozen?

If you turn on a faucet and get little or no water, or you notice frost on exposed pipes, you may have a frozen pipe. Pipes that bulge or have visible frost are at high risk of bursting.

Is it safe to thaw frozen pipes myself?

You can try gentle heat—like a hair dryer or warm towels—but never use an open flame. If you’re unsure or can’t access the frozen section, call a professional.

What temperature causes pipes to freeze?

Pipes can start to freeze when outdoor temperatures drop below 20°F, especially if they’re uninsulated or in unheated spaces.

Should I turn off my water if I’m leaving for vacation?

Yes. Shutting off the main water supply and draining the system can prevent major damage if a pipe freezes while you’re away.

Special Considerations for Homeowners and Small Businesses

• Older Buildings: May have less insulation and more exposed pipes. Consider upgrading insulation and scheduling a pre-winter inspection.
• Commercial Properties: Unused bathrooms or utility sinks are often overlooked. Make sure all plumbing is winterized, even in rarely used areas.
• Water Filtration Systems and Appliances: Disconnect and drain as needed, following manufacturer guidelines to prevent damage.

Prepare Now, Relax Later

A little winter prep can save you from a world of hassle—and a mountain of repair bills. Take the time now to insulate, inspect, and protect your plumbing. If you run into trouble, know that help is just a call away.

Call Expert Plumbing now — or reach us anytime at  877-837-7735 .